M16 rifle, also called AR-15, assault rifle developed as the AR-15 by American engineer Eugene Stoner of ArmaLite Inc. in the late 1950s. The rifle received high marks for its light weight, its accuracy, and the volume of fire that it could provide. The AR-15 was developed as a more portable alternative to the 7.62-mm (.308-calibre) battlefield rifles of the day, but ArmaLite had limited success in marketing it to the U.S. military. The AR-15 design was licensed to Colt’s Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company (later Colt’s Manufacturing LLC) in 1959, and upon its adoption by the U.S. Air Force in 1962, the AR-15 was designated the M16 by the Department of Defense. Modified versions of the AR-15 (designated the XM16E1) were used by American combat troops in the Vietnam War in the mid-1960s. Despite its advantages, it was prone to jamming because of a convergence of factors.
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